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Dear reader, in this table, I have tried to compile the grammatical rules of Transformation of Degree (Positive, Comparative & Superlative) at a glance. Here you need to follow the changes from Superlative to Comparative & Positive degrees and match with the examples provided. One thing to note here is the star (*) marked object / extension in positive degree. Indeed, the object / extension means the object / extension found in Superlative and Comparative degrees.        Rules of Transformation of Degree (Positive, Comparative & Superlative) at a glance:   Superlative Comparative Positive 1 Subject + am/is/are/was/were/ verb + the + superlative form + object / extension. Examples: a)    Rubi is the best girl in the class. b)    He was the wisest man in the village. c)     Rana is the most intelligent boy I have ever seen. Subje...

Mother tongue is a divine gift. People of any country express their feelings, thoughts through mother tongue. But it is a matter of sorrow that the then rulers of Pakistan imposed Urdu upon us instead of our mother tongue, Bangla. Then the people of our country raised their voice against this unlawful decision. Police opened fire on a procession in Dhaka and killed many Protestants. Since then 21 February is observed every year with due honour in our country as the ‘Shaheed Dibosh.’ In 1999, the UNESCO proclaimed 21 February as the ‘International Mother Language Day’ in recognition of the sacrifice of the Language Martyrs of 1952 for achieving the rightful place of Bangla. The day is now annually observed globally to promote cultural diversity and multilingualism.  

It was last Monday at 3.00 p.m. We were on our way home from school. We were trying to cross the Mirpur Road near the Science Laboratory. A boy was also crossing the road. Just at that moment, a truck was going along the road at a great speed. The ill-fated boy noticed the truck. But before he could go to the other side of the road, he was run over by the speedy truck. The truck did not stop rather it speeded away. I rushed to the spot. To my horror, I saw that he was no more a human body but a lump of flesh. He died on the spot. I was greatly shocked at this tragic scene. I cannot forget the scene even today. 

Image Courtesy: wikimedia.org A school library is a place where a lot of books on different subjects are kept for reading for the students and teachers. It is a part and parcel of an educational institution. We have also a library in our school. It is situated on the second floor of our school building. It is well furnished and has a rich collection. In the library, the books are nicely kept on the bookshelves. The students are issued library cards for borrowing books from the library. A librarian looks after the library. There is a well arrangement for reading books in the library. We can read there various kinds of books as long as we like. It satisfies our eternal thirst for knowledge. We are proud of our school library.

Image Courtesy: www.dhakatribune.com/ On the last 21 February, I went to the Ekushey Boi Mela held at Bangla Academy premises. I went there with my parents. My main purpose of going to the book fair was to buy new books of different writers. I found there hundreds of book stalls. All kinds of books like poetry, novels, plays, stories, fictions, histories etc. were displayed there for sale and show. I visited different bookstalls and bought books of different writers. My parents also bought books according to their choice. I also found there food and drink stalls. We went to a food stall and took sandwich and coca-cola. After that, we attended a seminar on our national poet Kazi Nazrul Islam held at the Bangla Academy premises. I enjoyed my visit to the book fair very much.

A national flag is a symbol of an independent country. We have a national flag of our own. It symbolizes our integrity, solidarity and sovereignty. We got our national flag at the cost of a bloody war in 1971. Its shape is rectangular. The length and breadth of it is 10 : 6. It is made of cotton, linen or silk. The major part of it is deep green and there is a red circle in the middle of it. The deep green is the symbol of everlasting youth, freshness and vigour of our nation. The red circle symbolizes the rising sun of independence. It is hoisted everyday on our government offices and educational institutions. It is kept half-mast on our national mourning days. We should uphold its honour by doing our work honestly and sincerely.

Image Courtesy:    Stuart Miles  at freedigitalphotos.net A rainy day is a day when it rains all day long. A rainy day is dull and gloomy. The sky remains overcast with thick clouds. The sun cannot be seen for hours. The roads become muddy and slippery. Sometimes the roads and fields go under water. One cannot go out without an umbrella. Those who have offices and other business go out with umbrellas over the head, shoes in hand, clothes folded up to the knee. Children cannot go to schools or play in the fields. The cattle keep standing in their sheds and bellow for fodder. The poor suffer much on a rainy day. They cannot go to work and earn money. However, the rich and the children enjoy a rainy day. A rainy day is not pleasant at all.  

Winter is the coldest season of the year. A winter morning is usually misty and cold. There is dense fog everywhere. Sometimes the fog is so dense the sunrays cannot get through it. Even things at a little distance can hardly be seen. Dewdrops fall on the grass and look like the glittering pearls when the sun shines. People in general get up late. The old and the children bask in the sun. The poor have hardly warm clothes. They gather straw and dry leaves to warm themselves. Winter is the season of collecting date juice from the date trees. In the winter morning, people in Bangladesh enjoy various kinds of delicious and sweet cakes prepared from date juice. The scene of the winter morning vanishes as the day advances.

Image Courtesy:  antpkr  at FreeDigitalPhotos.net Environment pollution is one of the talked of the topics of today’s world. It is a global problem. It has become a serious problem in our country. The people of our country are destroying our valuable forest day by day. The environment of our country is being polluted for want of sufficient forest resource. Unplanned massive industrialization is another cause of environment pollution. Smoke coming out of mills and factories is polluting air. Waste materials and chemicals are polluting water. Insecticides and fertilizers also pollute water. Sound pollution, odor pollution, soil pollution and light pollution also pollute the environment. Environment pollution causes global warming which may bring about a serious cause of sufferings for the human beings in the near future. So, we should be aware of environment pollution for a healthier, happier and better life.

Image Courtesy:  Stuart Miles  at FreeDigitalPhotos.net Early rising means the habit of getting up from bed early in the morning. This habit is good for health. The man who gets up early in the morning can take some exercise or a walk in the morning fresh air. Then the air is full of oxygen. There is a calm and serene atmosphere everywhere. One can enjoy the lovely beauty of nature. The beautiful gifts and colourful nature remind everybody of the Creator. One feels like to pray to God. An early riser has many advantages. If one gets up early in the morning, he gets more time to cover up his study or work more. Then an early riser can learn more or earn more. So, early rising is the source of health, wealth and wisdom. 

Image courtesy:  Feelart . at  F reeDigitalPhotos.net Traffic jam means the blockage of vehicles on the roads and streets. It is a great problem for the people living in the urban areas. There are many reasons that cause traffic jam. The drivers are not willing to obey the traffic rules. The violation of traffic rules, unplanned roads and huge number of transports, unskilled drivers and insufficient traffic police are the main causes of traffic jam. Roadside shops and illegal car parking also cause traffic jam. Traffic jam kills our valuable time and our work is hampered. It causes irreparable loss to our country and to our national economy. This problem can be solved by constructing spacious roads, making the drivers aware of the traffic rules, controlling the unlicensed vehicles and imposing strict laws.

Image courtesy:  khunaspix  at freedigitalphotos.net  Tree plantation means planting trees more and more. Trees are part and parcel of our environment. Trees are useful to us in many ways. They give us foods, fruits, medicines, woods, flowers, shades etc. They also give us oxygen and take in carbon dioxide. They keep the balance of the environment. They protect us from various kinds of natural calamities like floods, droughts, storms, cyclones etc. But people cut down trees and endanger our own lives. Cutting down trees causes serious damage to the soil. It also causes global warming which may bring about a serious cause of sufferings to the human beings in the near future. Trees are our best friends. So, we should not cut and use trees at random. Rather we should plant more trees for a healthier, happier and better life.

Image courtesy :  mapichai  at FreeDigitalPhotos.net Deforestation means cutting down trees and burning them at random. But trees are part and parcel of our environment .They keep the balance of the environment and protect us from various kinds of natural calamities. However, people cut down trees for various reasons. The most common causes of deforestation are cutting down trees and burning them. Though trees are cut and burnt for the sake of agriculture and habitat, it has a negative effect on the environment. It causes serious damage to the soil as trees give protection to the soil as well. Other wise the soil gets sediment in the riverbed and causes frequent floods. It also causes global warming which may bring about a serious cause of sufferings for the human beings in the near future. So, we should plant more trees for a healthier, happier and better life. 

‘Othello’ is one of the four greatest tragedies that William Shakespeare ever wrote. ‘The murder scene’ is one of the most crucial and most significant scenes of the play. In fact, it is the climax where Iago’s villainous machinations and Othello’s mind surcharged with jealousy ultimately bring about tragic conflagration. Symbols are objects, characters, figures or colors used to represent abstract ideas or concepts. ‘The murder scene’ reveals the two facts of Othello’s personality-- the dark, savage the most brutal of the one hand and the emotional, truly repentant human and desperate lover on the other hand. Othello loses all his control over himself when he is worked up to strong jealousy by the subtle machinations of Iago. Othello is extremely credulous and firmly believes whatever Iago pours into his ears. He places absolute confidence in Iago and never sees through his villainies. Othello’s decision to murder Desdemona is not only rash and reckless but also shows a s...

Portia and Calpurnia are the two most important female characters in William Shakespeare’s masterpiece-‘Julius Caesar’. Both Portia and Calpurnia are seen in the play in their relationships with their respective husbands. Both of them have their own individual characteristics. Portia is Brutus’s wife and the daughter of a noble Roman named Cato. When Portia finds Brutus leaving his bed and showing signs of a mental disturbance, she feels deeply worried about him. She tries to find out the cause of his secret thinking. She reminds him that she is not an ordinary woman but one who is the daughter of a reputed father and the wife of a reputed husband. Thus, Brutus does recognize her exceptional qualities and soon afterwards reveals his secret to her. When Brutus has gone to the Senate House, she feels extremely worried about his welfare. She sends the boy Lucius to the Senate House to find out if her husband is safe. In a soliloquy, she admits that she is a very weak woman. She ...

Mark Antony is one of the most important characters in William Shakespeare’s masterpiece-‘Julius Caesar’. In fact, he is indispensable to the play’s action. The play would not proceed beyond the middle if there had been no Antony in it. In the first half of the play, Antony ’s role is minimal; but after the assassination of Caesar in the middle of the play, Antony ’s role becomes not only important but the deciding and determining factor.    Antony was a friend of Caesar and he was actually related to him. Caesar seemed to trust him as he placed Antony in command while he was away.  In Julius Caesar , Antony is portrayed as a handsome athlete, a runner and perhaps a playboy as well. Superstitiously, Caesar tells Antony to touch his wife's garment as he runs the race at the beginning of the play to free her from infertility. Antony agrees to do so without question. It is also noteworthy that it is Antony who offered a crown to Caesar three times at the gam...

Saul Bellow (1915 - 2005), the winner of the Nobel Prize for literature in 1976, is one of the most prominent post war novelists who has successfully composed his masterpiece, ‘Seize the Day’, published in 1958, as a materialistic relationship between father and son in the context of the modern European countries. It is the story of Tommy Wilhelm, the protagonist of the novella whose life is blighted by his need to be loved by a father named Dr. Adler who is incapable of giving love.   The novella ‘Seize the Day’ centres round Tommy Wilhelm who is a non-achiever and by conventional money standard, a complete failure and frustrated man of middle age. He is lonely, despairing, cut off not only from society but also from friends and wife. In his relationship with his father, Tommy is figuratively an orphan. In his case, his father aged, rich, successful Dr. Adler - is physically present but emotionally distant. Dr. Adler refuses to become involved in his son’s desperate lon...

Language acquisition is of the central topics in cognitive science. Every theory of cognition has tried to explain it. Probably no other topic has aroused such controversy. Possessing a language is the essentially human trait: all normal humans speak, no nonhuman animal does. ( Language Acquisition ) Noam Chomsky argues that children are born with a unique kind of knowledge which fits them for learning. This knowledge is embodied in a mechanism called the Language Acquisition Device or LAD. He believes that without notion such a device it is impossible to understand how children master their native language in such a short time in spite of the highly abstract nature of the rules. According to Chomsky, it would be impossible for a child to learn the abstract system of a language from such degenerate data unless he had some prior knowledge about the general character of natural languages. He argues that since children must be equipped to learn any language as a native language, ...

Introduction: The present age is the age of science and technology. In this ultra-modern age, science has invented many wonderful things. Computer is one of them. Computer has opened a new era in all spheres of our lives. Now-a-days, lots of things are done with the help of computer. It works like the Aladin's magic wand. History: It took a long time and hard labour to invent computer. First of all Pascal invented the theory of ‘Digital Calculating System" in 1642. Finally Mr. Howard Akin, an American invented such machine that could do difficult sums. After that modern computer was invented such as EDSAC in 1945 and ENTANCE in 1946.  Image Courtesy:  graur razvan ionut  at FreeDigitalPhotos.net Kinds of computer: Computers are mainly of two kinds. They are mode based and mathematical based. The next generation computer is mathematical based. They are digital computers. Digital computers are used for multi purposes. Now there are desktop computer, laptop c...

The season I like most / My favourite season There are six seasons in Bangladesh. I like all the seasons but I like the spring most. Spring is my favourite season and perhaps it is favourite to all. Spring comes to us with many pleasant things and beautiful scenes and sounds. Spring is called the queen of seasons for its so many attractive features. Spring comprises with the Bangla months of Falgoon and Chaitra. It starts at the end of winter. After the end of spring, Bangla New Year begins.   Image Courtesy:  Idea go  at FreeDigitalPhotos.net I like the spring for many reasons. The summer is a season of terrible heat. Everybody feels uneasy. During the rainy season the roads become muddy. There is water everywhere. People can not move easily. They face many difficulties. During the autumn and late autumn these disadvantages do not fully disappear. In winter people shiver in cold. [There is dense fog everywhere. The poor people and the children suffer...